TOC analytical method in cleaning validations: criteria, limits and robustness of the process
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This article is an introduction to refractometry, explaining how A. Krüss Optronic refractometers determine the refractive index to identify substances and evaluate their quality. The different types of refractometers and their applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, chemicals, food and petrochemicals are described. Key aspects such as the influence of temperature on measurements, relevant regulations and best cleaning practices to ensure accurate results are also covered.